Ramadhaan (Quraan and Hadith)

THE QURAN ON FASTING
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious).
(Fasting) for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (i.e. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a poor person (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him. And that you fast, it is better for you if only you know.” (2:183-84)

“The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan), he must fast that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number (of days which one did not fast must be made up) from other days.
Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you. (He wants that you) must complete the same number (of days), and that you must magnify Allah for having guided you so that you may be grateful to Him” (2: 185).

“It is made lawful for you to have relations with your wives on the night of the fasts. They are garments for you and you are the same for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He turned to you and forgave you. So now have relations with them and seek that which Allah has ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night), then complete your fast till the nightfall.
And do not have relations with them (your wives) while you are in I’tikaaf in the mosques. These are the limits (set) by Allah, so approach them not. Thus does Allah make clear His signs to mankind that they may become Al Muttaqoon (the pious)” (2:187).

“Verily! We have sent it (this Quran) down in the night of Al-Qadr.
And what will make you know what the night of Al-Qadr is?
The night of Al-Qadr is better than a thousand months
Therein descend the angels and the Ruh (Jibraeel) by Allah’s Permission with all Decrees,
Peace! until the appearance of dawn (97:1-5)

THE HADITH ON FASTING
Abu Hurairah (RA) related that the Nabi (SAW) said: Whoever fasts during Ramadhaan with faith and seeking his reward from Allah will have his past sins forgiven. Whoever prays during the nights in Ramadhaan with faith and seeking his reward from Allah will have his past sins forgiven. And he who passes Laylat al-Qadr in prayer with faith and seeking his reward from Allah will have his past sins forgiven (Bukhari, Muslim).
Abu Hurairah (RA) related that Rasulullah said: If anyone omits his fast even for one day in Ramadan without a concession or without being ill, then if he were to fast for the rest of his life he could not make up for it (Bukhari).
Abu Hurairah (RA) related that the Nabi (SAW) said: Allah the Majestic and Exalted said: “Every deed of man will receive ten to 700 times reward, except Siyam (fasting), for it is for Me and I shall reward it (as I like). There are two occasions of joy for one who fasts: one when he breaks the fast and the other when he will meet his Lord” (Muslim).
Abu Hurairah (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: Many people who fast get nothing from their fast except hunger and thirst, and many people who pray at night get nothing from it except wakefulness (Darimi).

When to start fasting
Ibn Umar (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: Do not start fasting unless you see the new moon, and do not end fasting until you see it. If the weather is cloudy then calculate when it should appear (Bukhari, Muslim).
The Suhoor meal (which is eaten before dawn)
Anas (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: Take the Suhoor meal, for there is blessing in it (Bukhari, Muslim).

Breaking your fast
Salman ibn Amir Dhabi (RA) related that the Rasulullah (SAW) said: Break your fast with dates, or else with water, for it is pure (Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi).

Fasting during a journey
Aaishah (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) was asked whether one should fast when on a journey, and he replied: Fast if you like, or postpone it if you like (Bukhari, Muslim).

Behaviour while fasting
Abu Hurairah (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: If a person does not avoid false talk and false conduct during Siyaam (fasting), then Allah does not care if he abstains from food and drink (Bukhari, Muslim).

Forgetfully eating or drinking while fasting
Abu Hurairah (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: If anyone forgets that he is fasting and eats or drinks he should complete his Siyaam, for it is Allah who has fed him and given him drink (Bukhari, Muslim).

Providing for those who are breaking the fast
Zaid ibn Khalid Juhni (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: He who provides for the breaking of the Siyaam of another person earns the same merit as the one who was observing Siyaam diminishing in any way the reward of the latter (Tirmidhi).

Laylat al-Qadr
Aaishah (RA) related that the Rasulullah (SAW) said: Look for Laylat al-Qadr on an odd-numbered night during the last ten nights of Ramadhaan (Bukhari).
Anas ibn Malik (RA) related that Rasulullah (SAW) said: When Laylat al-Qadr comes Jibreel (AS) descends with a company of angels who ask for blessings on everyone who is remembering Allah, whether they are sitting or standing (Baihaqi).